History Pembina, North Dakota

1 history

1.1 fort pembina trading posts
1.2 fort pembina
1.3 recent history

history

fort daer of hbc , across pembina river on right old fort pembina built nwc (painted peter rindisbacher in 1822 )

the pembina area historically @ borders of territories of lakota, chippewa, , assiniboine, american indian tribes, competed hegemony. conflict increased beginning french introduction of firearms in late 17th century part of goods traded furs. first known european visitors pembina region french la vérendrye family in 18th century.

pembina s recorded history of european encounter extended more 200 years. started french fur trading post commerce american indians, tied trade american bison. european trappers hunted in red river of north area married indian women , lived local tribes @ least part of year. mixed-race descendants became part of hunting , trapping culture, , formed later ethnic group recognized in canada métis people.

the settlement associated histories of french canada, north west company (nwc). hudson s bay company (hbc), red river colony, battle of 7 oaks, red river rebellion, assiniboia, , manitoba. through of nineteenth century, métis families used two-wheeled red river ox cart trains travel great plains, men hunt bison , women process meat, skins, , bones. parts used clothing, tepees, etc. regular trade routes became known red river trails. area part of united states dakota , minnesota territories; , canada–us border politics.

fort pembina trading posts

peter grant of north west company, between 1784 , 1789, built post on east side of red river. had disappeared 1801.
in 1797 jean baptiste chaboillez of north west company built post on south bank of pembina in pembina state park.
from 1800 1805 xy company had post within sight of 2 following posts. absorbed north west company.
in 1801 alexander henry younger, of north west company, built post on north bank across chaboillez s post. remained in charge until 1808. absorbed hudson s bay company in 1821.
by 1793 hudson s bay company had small post (seemingly called fort skene) on east side on red river. rebuilt in 1801. 1805 of local beaver had been exterminated. pembina traditional rendezvous métis buffalo hunt. center illicit trade united states. hbc post operated until @ least 1870, though known south of border.
in 1812 selkirk settlers red river colony built fort daer on chaboillez site.
in 1820s david thompson determined pembina south of 49th parallel, , therefore had been transferred united states british rupert s land treaty of 1818.
in 1840s norman kittson of american fur company had establishment.

fort pembina

fort pembina , red river ox carts, c. 1870

due unrest among american indians of red river valley after american civil war, minnesota legislature petitioned congress build fort, defend against incursions lakota (sioux), of whom had migrated canada evade army.

as result, major general winfield scott hancock recommended establishment of post on december 8, 1869; fort pembina completed on july 8, 1870. located mile , half south of settlement, above mouth of pembina river. called fort thomas, major general george h. thomas, died on march 28, 1870. post designated fort pembina on september 6, 1870. damaged fire on may 27, 1895, abandoned on august 16, 1895. later sold @ public auction.

recent history

the noted american author louise erdrich has represented pembina river , pembina band of ojibwe indians on turtle mountain reservation in numerous works of fiction. in past several books, pembina have celebrated unique heritage.

despite small size, pembina maintained television station, kcnd-tv, 1960 1975. station border blaster targeting winnipeg close border possible; when simultaneous substitution rules took effect in 1970s, canadian interests bought intellectual property of station , relocated winnipeg, relicensed canadian government cknd-tv , has operated there ever since.

its population in federal censuses has not exceeded 1,000.