19th century Manhattan

manhattan in 1873. brooklyn bridge under construction 1870 until 1883

tammany hall, democratic party political machine, began grow in influence support of many of immigrant irish, culminating in election of first tammany mayor, fernando wood, in 1854. tammany hall dominated local politics decades. central park, opened public in 1858, became first landscaped public park in american city.

new york city played complex role in american civil war. city s strong commercial ties southern united states existed many reasons, including industrial power of hudson river harbor, allowed trade stops such west point foundry, 1 of great manufacturing operations in united states; , city s atlantic ocean ports, rendering new york city american powerhouse in terms of industrial trade between northern , southern united states. new york s growing immigrant population, had originated largely germany , ireland, began in late 1850s include waves of italians , central , eastern european jews flowing in en masse. anger arose conscription, resentment @ afford pay $300 avoid service leading resentment against lincoln s war policies , fomenting paranoia free blacks taking poor immigrants jobs, culminating in three-day-long new york draft riots of july 1863. these intense war-time riots counted among worst incidents of civil disorder in american history, estimated 119 participants , passersby massacred.

the rate of immigration europe grew steeply after civil war, , manhattan became first stop millions seeking new life in united states, role acknowledged dedication of statue of liberty on october 28, 1886, gift people of france. new european immigration brought further social upheaval. in city of tenements packed poorly paid laborers dozens of nations, city hotbed of revolution (including anarchists , communists among others), syndicalism, racketeering, , unionization.

in 1883, opening of brooklyn bridge established road connection brooklyn, across east river. in 1874 western portion of present bronx county transferred new york county westchester county, , in 1895 remainder of present bronx county annexed. in 1898, when new york city consolidated 3 neighboring counties form city of greater new york , manhattan , bronx, though still 1 county, established 2 separate boroughs. on january 1, 1914, new york state legislature created bronx county, , new york county reduced present boundaries.

the sanitary & topographical map of city , island of new york , commonly known viele map, created egbert ludovicus viele in 1865