Late Joseon .281890s.29 Misin tapa undong

protestant missionaries showed in dark light, devil worship , korean indigenous religions , mu (shamans) since 19th century. missionaries reported of fetish burnings, great bonfires of ancestral tablets, shamans tools , clothes, , harborages of spirits destroyed books in ephesus . circulated stories of shamans converted christianity encouraged destruction of ancestral religion. exorcistic struggle between shaman , christian became literary motif kim tongni s colonial-period novella portrait of shaman.

missionaries found allies in korean intellectuals of twilight years of joseon kingdom, producing independent (tongnip sinmun), first newspaper published in korean language. newspaper promoted iconoclasm , addressed government officials on necessity eradicate indigenous religion.

in 1896 police began arrest shamans, destroy shrines , burn ritual paraphernalia, acclaimed independent. @ 1 point independent criticised buddhist monks.