Cause Middle East respiratory syndrome

-



1 cause

1.1 virology
1.2 transmission

1.2.1 camels
1.2.2 between people







cause
virology


mers coronaviruses under electron microscope.


middle east respiratory syndrome caused newly identified mers coronavirus (mers-cov), species single-stranded rna belonging genus betacoronavirus distinct sars coronavirus , common-cold coronavirus. genomes phylogenetically classified 2 clades, clades , b. cases of mers of clade clusters (emc/2012 , jordan-n3/2012) while new cases genetically different in general (clade b). virus grows readily on vero cells , llc-mk2 cells.


transmission
camels

a study performed between 2010 , 2013, in incidence of mers evaluated in 310 dromedary camels, revealed high titers of neutralizing antibodies mers-cov in blood serum of these animals. further study sequenced mers-cov nasal swabs of dromedary camels in saudi arabia , found had sequences identical sequenced human isolates. individual camels found have more 1 genomic variant in nasopharynx. there report of saudi arabian man became ill 7 days after applying topical medicine noses of several sick camels , later , 1 of camels found have identical strains of mers-cov. still unclear how virus transmitted camels humans. world health organization advises avoiding contact camels , eat cooked camel meat, pasteurized camel milk, , avoid drinking camel urine. camel urine considered medicine various illnesses in middle east. saudi ministry of agriculture has advised people avoid contact camels or wear breathing masks when around them. in response people have refused listen government s advice , kiss camels in defiance of government s advice.


between people

there has been evidence of limited, not sustained spread of mers-cov person person, both in households in health care settings hospitals. transmission has occurred in circumstances of close contact severely ill persons in healthcare or household settings , there no evidence of transmission asymptomatic cases. cluster sizes have ranged 1 26 people, average of 2.7.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Discography Ole Paus

-
1 discography 1.1 albums 1.2 songs 1.3 opera discography albums (for peak charting positions, see norwegiancharts.com) der ute - der inne (1970) garman (1972) blues pyttsan jespersens pårørende (1973) ole bull show (with gunnar bull gundersen) (1973) zarepta (1974) lise madsen, moses og de andre (with ketil bjørnstad) (1975) i anstendighetens navn (1976) paus-posten (1977) nye paus-posten (1977) sjikaner utvalg (1978) kjellersanger (1979) noen der oppe (1982) bjørnstad/paus/hamsun (with ketil bjørnstad) (1982) svarte ringer (1982) grensevakt (1984) muggen manna (1986) stjerner rennesteinen (1989) salmer på veien hjem (with kari bremnes og mari boine)(1991) biggles testamente (1992) mitt lille land (1994) hva hjertet ser (1995) stopp pressen! det grøvste fra paus-posten (1995) to rustne herrer (with jonas fjeld) (1996) pausposten extra! (1996) det begynner å bli et liv(1998) damebesøk (with jonas fjeld) (1998) den velsignede (2000) kildens bredd (with ketil bjørnstad) (2002) tolv rustn
Read more

Gaeta class Lerici-class minehunter

-
gaeta (foreground) , numana depending on source, gaeta class ships considered either lerici subclass, or separate class of ships. the 8 ships of second series lerici class, more commonly known gaeta class, launched in 1990s, , commissioned may 1996. gaeta class identical lerici class: main structural differences between ships displacement of latter 77 tons greater, hull 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) longer, , communications mast moved above bridge forward of exhaust funnel. gaetas used improved version of vds fiar sqq-14 (it) sonar, fitted in 1991 4 lerici class ships. rov gaymarine pluto , gaymarine pluto gigas. navigation radar gem elettronica spn-753 replaced (v)9 arpa version (i band).cms evolved version (combat management system) datamat ssn-714(v)3ul. on board 1 larger hyperbaric chamber (8 seats). gaeta mlu in 2010 intermarine began mlu (mid-life update), expected complete in 2018. new sonar thales 2093 mk2, new cms (combat management system) selex es ssn-714(v)4, new containerized , remo
Read more

Driver.27s licenses used for identification purposes Driver's license

-
1 driver s licenses used identification purposes 1.1 europe 1.2 asia 1.2.1 japan 1.3 north america 1.4 south america driver s licenses used identification purposes many countries, including australia, new zealand, canada, united kingdom, , united states, have no national identification cards. many people have driver s licenses, accepted de facto proof of identity. identity cards , driver s licenses credit card size—the id-1 size , shape defined in iso/iec 7810. europe many european countries require drivers produce license on demand when driving. european countries require adults carry proof of identity @ times, driving license not valid identification in every european country. in united kingdom drivers not required carry licence. driver may required constable or vehicle examiner produce licence, may provide in specified police station within 7 days; police issue form purpose. in denmark, finland, norway, spain , sweden, driver s license number same citizen s id number. banks , auth
Read more