Ethnic groups Kirkuk

1 ethnic groups

1.1 kurdish people
1.2 turkmen people
1.3 arab people
1.4 assyrians
1.5 armenians
1.6 jews

ethnic groups

ethnic groups in kirkuk , environs in 2014, @ time of capture of area kurdish forces , mass kurdish migration north.


kurdish people

kurds have long history in kirkuk before baban family. baban family kurdish family that, in 18th , 19th centuries, dominated political life of province of sharazor, in present-day iraqi kurdistan. first member of clan gain control of province , capital, kirkuk, sulayman beg. enjoying full autonomy, baban family established kirkuk capital. time kurds in iraq began view kirkuk capital. persisted after babans moved administration new town of sulaymaniya, named after dynasty s founder, in late 18th century.

turkmen people

the republic of turkey s borders according national pact

the turkmens descendants of turkic migrants iraq dating umayyads , abbasid eras, when arrived military recruits. considerable turcoman settlement began during seljuq era when toghrul entered iraq in 1055 army composed of oghuz turks. kirkuk remained under control of seljuq empire 63 years. turcoman settlement in kirkuk further expanded later during ottoman era, when people brought city there. kirkuk had population near 30,000 in late 1910s, turkmens majority in city center, dominating political , economic life of area.

during ottoman period turcoman predominant population of kirkuk city , close environs kurds constituted majority of rural population of kirkuk.

currently iraqi turkmen politicians hold on 20 percent of seats on kirkuk s city council, while turkmen leaders make third of city.

arab people

the principal arab extended families in city of kirkuk were: tikriti , hadidi (arabic: حديدي‎). tikriti family main arab family in kirkuk coming tikrit in 17th century. other arab tribes settled in kirkuk during ottoman period al-ubaid (arabic: آل عبيد‎) , al-jiburi (arabic: آل جبور‎). al-ubaid came northwest of mosul when forced out of area other arab tribes of region. settled in hawija district in kirkuk in 1805 during ottoman period.

assyrians

the assyrians have ancient history in kirkuk, throughout northern iraq. arrapha part of old assyrian empire (c.1975–1750 bc), , incorporated assyria proper 14th century bc during middle assyrian empire (1365–105 bc), , remained until downfall of neo-assyrian empire between 615 , 599 bc. after integral part of achaemenid assyria (athura), , during parthian empire centre independent neo assyrian state named beth garmai, before being incorporated assuristan sassanid empire.

the seleucid town, many other upper mesopotamian cities had significant indigenous assyrian population. christianity established among them in 2nd century bishop tuqrītā (theocritos). during sasanian times town became important centre of assyrian church of east, several of bishops rising rank of patriarch. tensions among christians , zoroastrians led severe persecution of christians during reign of shapur ii (309–379 a.d.) recorded in acts of persian martyrs. persecution resumed under yazdegerd ii in 445 a.d. massacred thousands of them. situation improved under sasanians in following 2 centuries after advent of national persian church of free of byzantine influence, namely nestorianism. during sasanian times town became important centre of church of east, several of bishops rising rank of patriarch. tensions among christians , zoroastrians led severe persecution of christians during reign of shapur ii (309-79 a.d.) recorded in acts of persian martyrs. situation improved under sasanians in following 2 centuries. during sasanian times town became important centre of church of east, several of bishops rising rank of patriarch. persecution resumed under yazdegerd ii in 445 a.d. massacred thousands of them. tradition puts death toll @ 12,000 among them patriarch shemon bar sabbae. city known centre of prosperous ecclesiastical province of beth garmai lingered until conquests of timur leng in 1400 a.d. during ottoman period of kirkuk s christians followed chaldean catholic church bishop resided in cathedral of great martyrion dates 5th century. cathedral used powder storage , blown ottomans retreated in 1918.

the discovery of oil brought more christians kirkuk, affected arabization policy of baath party. numbers continued plummet after american invasion, , occupy 4% of municipal offices, percentage thought representative of numbers in city. number around 2,000.

armenians

the armenians of kirkuk established church in old part of city in 1906, , population grew afterwards arrival of refugees armenian genocide. during rule of saddam hussein, many armenians killed , deported. there around 500 in city.

jews

jews had long history in kirkuk. ottoman records show in 1560 there 104 jewish homes in kirkuk, , in 1896 there 760 jews in city. after world war i, jewish population increased, after kirkuk became petroleum center; in 1947 there 2,350 counted in census. jews engaged in commerce , handicraft. social progress slow, , in 1940s jewish students acquired secondary academic education. 1951 of jews had left israel , stayed disappeared local government.