Phonology Proto-Tibeto-Burman language

-



1 phonology

1.1 consonants
1.2 vowels
1.3 preservation of stops





phonology

the phonology of proto-tibeto-burman here matisoff s 2003 reconstruction, of based on benedict s earlier reconstructions.


consonants

proto-tibetan–burman has @ least 23 consonants (matisoff 2003:15). descendants of proto-tibetan–burman, qiangic languages, have developed dozens of sibilant fricatives , affricates.



proto-tibeto-burman in matisoff s opinion has many final nasals, stops, , liquids.


vowels

in matisoff s reconstruction proto-tibeto-burman vowels can split primary , secondary sets. modern-day tibeto-burman languages have anywhere 5 vowels (written tibetan , jingpho) dozens of monophthongs , diphthongs (loloish , qiangic languages) (matisoff 2003:157). matisoff (2003) notes languages have simplified or eliminated final consonants tend have more vowels. open front unrounded vowel *a far common , stable vowel in tibeto-burman languages.


matisoff (2003) reinterprets diphthongs paul benedict s reconstruction long vowels.




preservation of stops

according matisoff sino-tibetan languages go through series of 4 stages in final stops , nasals gradually decay (matisoff 2003:238-239).








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Discography Ole Paus

-
1 discography 1.1 albums 1.2 songs 1.3 opera discography albums (for peak charting positions, see norwegiancharts.com) der ute - der inne (1970) garman (1972) blues pyttsan jespersens pårørende (1973) ole bull show (with gunnar bull gundersen) (1973) zarepta (1974) lise madsen, moses og de andre (with ketil bjørnstad) (1975) i anstendighetens navn (1976) paus-posten (1977) nye paus-posten (1977) sjikaner utvalg (1978) kjellersanger (1979) noen der oppe (1982) bjørnstad/paus/hamsun (with ketil bjørnstad) (1982) svarte ringer (1982) grensevakt (1984) muggen manna (1986) stjerner rennesteinen (1989) salmer på veien hjem (with kari bremnes og mari boine)(1991) biggles testamente (1992) mitt lille land (1994) hva hjertet ser (1995) stopp pressen! det grøvste fra paus-posten (1995) to rustne herrer (with jonas fjeld) (1996) pausposten extra! (1996) det begynner å bli et liv(1998) damebesøk (with jonas fjeld) (1998) den velsignede (2000) kildens bredd (with ketil bjørnstad) (2002) tolv rustn
Read more

Gaeta class Lerici-class minehunter

-
gaeta (foreground) , numana depending on source, gaeta class ships considered either lerici subclass, or separate class of ships. the 8 ships of second series lerici class, more commonly known gaeta class, launched in 1990s, , commissioned may 1996. gaeta class identical lerici class: main structural differences between ships displacement of latter 77 tons greater, hull 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) longer, , communications mast moved above bridge forward of exhaust funnel. gaetas used improved version of vds fiar sqq-14 (it) sonar, fitted in 1991 4 lerici class ships. rov gaymarine pluto , gaymarine pluto gigas. navigation radar gem elettronica spn-753 replaced (v)9 arpa version (i band).cms evolved version (combat management system) datamat ssn-714(v)3ul. on board 1 larger hyperbaric chamber (8 seats). gaeta mlu in 2010 intermarine began mlu (mid-life update), expected complete in 2018. new sonar thales 2093 mk2, new cms (combat management system) selex es ssn-714(v)4, new containerized , remo
Read more

Driver.27s licenses used for identification purposes Driver's license

-
1 driver s licenses used identification purposes 1.1 europe 1.2 asia 1.2.1 japan 1.3 north america 1.4 south america driver s licenses used identification purposes many countries, including australia, new zealand, canada, united kingdom, , united states, have no national identification cards. many people have driver s licenses, accepted de facto proof of identity. identity cards , driver s licenses credit card size—the id-1 size , shape defined in iso/iec 7810. europe many european countries require drivers produce license on demand when driving. european countries require adults carry proof of identity @ times, driving license not valid identification in every european country. in united kingdom drivers not required carry licence. driver may required constable or vehicle examiner produce licence, may provide in specified police station within 7 days; police issue form purpose. in denmark, finland, norway, spain , sweden, driver s license number same citizen s id number. banks , auth
Read more