American period History of Riverside, California

1 american period

1.1 citrus history
1.2 legacy of introduction
1.3 asian-american history
1.4 african-american history
1.5 sports history

american period

riverside founded in november 1869 (another source states 1870) colony california silk center association.

citrus history

a navel orange, known washington, riverside, or bahia navel.

in 1873 eliza tibbets convinced william saunders, superintendent of fledgling bureau of agriculture, make test grower new seedless oranges bahia, brazil. planting , nurturing orange trees saunders sent her, tibbets revolutionized citrus industry. introduction of these oranges, later called washington navel orange, proved successful experiment of saunders tenure, , 1 of outstanding events in economic , social development of california. next 60 years , more, great industry built 2 small trees planted in riverside eliza tibbets.

the citrus industry in california had begun before tibbets introduction of washington navel orange. however, there no outstanding , midseason variety of sweet orange adapted climate. extant citrus seedling trees grown seeds obtained locally or spanish missions. growers experimented, there lack of standardization in quality.

eliza tibbets planted 2 trees in garden in 1873. accepted took care of 2 remaining trees using dishwater keep them alive because tibbets lot not connected canal water. agriculture officials attribute success of 2 trees did flourish eliza tibbets care. first fruits borne these trees produced in season of 1875–76. when washington navel orange publicly displayed @ fair in 1879, valuable commercial characteristics of fruit, including quality, shape, size, color, texture, , seedlessness, recognized. tibbets orange ideally suited riverside s semiarid weather, , thick skin enabled packed , shipped. contrast between new fruit , of seedling trees striking new grove plantings of washington navel oranges. tibbets sold budwood trees local nurserymen, led extensive plantings of nursery trees cloned hers

legacy of introduction

tibbets success navel orange had led rapid increase in citrus planting, , citrus planted predominantly washington navel orange. commercial success of these orchards led widespread interest in variety, 1900 extensively grown citrus fruit in california.

the growth washington navel orange (wno) produced in riverside spread throughout state, driving state , national economy. citrus assumed major place in california s economy. 1917 wno culture $30 million per year industry in california. 1933 wno industry in ca had grown industry annual income of $67 million. 1 million boxes of oranges in 1887 more 65.5 million boxes of oranges, lemons, , grapefruit in 1944, despite depression years of 1930s, california citrus industry experienced nothing short of explosive growth.

the success of tibbets orange inspired irrigation projects converted more desert orange groves. size, scale, , ingenuity of irrigation structures in riverside , surrounding area considered 1 of agricultural marvels of age. 1893 riverside wealthiest city per capita in united states. money poured california. tibbets orange led estimated $100 million of direct , indirect investment in citrus industry on next 25 years. eliza tibbets orange did not merely feed wealth , growth of existing towns; new cities , towns popped birth, existence, , future depended upon condition of orange market. in 1886 alone new citrus towns laid out in rialto, fontana, bloomington, redlands, terracina, mound city (loma linda), guasti , south riverside, (corona). irrigated communities etiwanda, redlands, ontario , many others launched.

the rapidly expanding citrus industry stimulated capital market real estate. industry grew, land had been regarded worthless dramatically increased value. not did orange culture feed land boom of 1880s in southern california; allowed riverside survive when land boom collapsed in 1888. (see also: panic of 1893.) success of tibbets orange stimulated related industries. citrus built foundations of region s economic modernization before great flood of defense funds began in world war ii. tibbets introduction of washington navel orange largely responsible fruit packing houses, inventions in boxing machines, fruit wraps , iced railroad car.

by mid-1880s, 5 packing houses sprang in riverside. many methods developed in course of growth of industry, had wide application, other fruit growing industries citrus. study , efforts of pioneers in development of california citrus industry led invention of fumigation, of orchard heaters, , of many other methods of culture. in 1897–1898, benjamin , harrison wright invented , patented mechanized orange washer. end of 1898, two-thirds of riverside s packinghouses using machines. @ turn of century, stebler , parker began manufacturing citrus packing machinery in riverside independent of each other. companies, merged in 1922, became california iron works, , later still food machinery corporation (today s fmc corp.). santa fe railroad opened direct line riverside in 1886, allowing direct shipment east. 8 years later, first refrigerated rail cars shipped oranges riverside east on santa fe railroad.

another illustration of results of success of citrus industry in california organization of growers exchange co-operative handling of crop , distribution. california fruit growers exchange, cooperative marketing association made of local growers, founded in 1893; known sunkist growers, incorporated.

a key feature of growth of washington navel orange industry scientific approach improvement. study of propagation culture handling, transportation , other phases of producing distributing , marketing crop largely responsible advancements used not citrus in other fruit industries. in 1893, cyanide gas used fight citrus scale. u. s. department of agriculture scientist helped growers harness nature s biological wrath during decay crisis of 1905–1907, when alarming proportions of fruit spoiled in transit, , wed industry scientific expertise of usda.

growers, scientists, , workers transformed natural , social landscape of california, turning factory production of millions of oranges. orange growers in california developed commercialized agriculture spread rest of country generation later. in 1906, university of california established in riverside citrus experiment station, beginnings of university of california, riverside. located on slope of mount rubidoux, station institutionalized scientific expertise, support, , presence of state s university , federal government in citrus industry, , brought quality control first link in corporate agricultural chain. in field department created provided member growers scientific , practical horticultural advice , direction led huge gains in productivity.

tibbets orange allowed agriculture in california survive transition wheat. wheat had been single profitable crop statewide between 1870 , 1900 california became 1 of largest grain producers in nation. sometime 1880, many agriculturalists in central valley , southern california began convert fruit. soil , climate conducive such conversion. after turn of century, wheat exports began rapid decline prompted intense canadian , russian competition , declining grain yields due soil depletion. soil became depleted wheat growing, large fields subdivided , used horticulture. agriculture came provide firm foundation state s economy.

asian-american history

settlements of japanese , korean migrants used exist along railroad tracks, fill thousands of workers during citrus harvest. none of these remain, santa fe depot, several others in inland empire, has been restored turn-of-the-century glory. today, many of riverside s asian americans live in sections of arlington , la sierra, majority being chinese american , korean american. largest korean american church in city riverside korean baptist church near arlington.

riverside s first chinatown located in downtown riverside, growing anti-chinese sentiment , series of city ordinances, including 1 outlawed laundry businesses in downtown mile square, precipitated chinese community s relocation area bounded brockton , tequesquite avenues. last resident of chinatown, george wong (wong ho leun), died in 1970s , remaining buildings razed. proposed development spurred archaeological investigations of chinatown site in 1980s. artifacts unearthed during these investigations housed @ riverside metropolitan museum across mission inn hotel. following archaeological study, chinatown site placed on national register of historic places. site had been landmarked state point of historical interest, county landmark, , city landmark. in 2008, save our chinatown committee formed protect chinatown archaeological site commercial development , increase awareness of riverside s chinese american history through public programming.

in 1915 japanese immigrant named jukichi harada, proprietor many years of local restaurant, purchased home in riverside in names of american-born children in order provide access them public school system. neighbors formed committee , charged him violating california alien land law of 1913, barred aliens ineligible citizenship owning land. case, people of state of california v. jukichi harada, became test of constitutionality of law , progressed state supreme court, ruled harada children own land. metropolitan museum of riverside owns harada house, has been designated national historic landmark.

dalip singh saund, first asian-born politician elected united states congress (and sikh-american), voted office in 1956 represent district included riverside.

a substantial community of indian americans including sikhs , punjabis lived in riverside inland empire , colorado desert regions (i.e. imperial valley) century.

filipinos (see filipino american) have been in riverside on 100 years. known pensionados, philippine nationals sent live in united states learn principles of liberty , self-government.

since annexed philippines 1898 independence in 1946, filipino community of riverside , riverside county numerous (i.e. in nearby moreno valley).

african-american history

at intersection of howard , 12th sits last remnants of formerly thriving african-american neighborhood. old wiley grocery store houses activities of black prince hall masons. nearby church of our lady of guadalupe, pilgrimage site complete shrine. built , destroyed 3 times, current incarnation dates 1920s. , bobby bonds recreation center named major league baseball legend. extensive information on riverside s african american community can found on riversider.org website.

one of riverside s claims fame riverside international raceway. open 1957 1989.


sports history

riverside home riverside international raceway september 22, 1957, july 2, 1989. races held @ riverside international raceway included formula one, nascar, can-am, usac, imsa, iroc, , cart. raceway closed make way shopping mall , housing development shortly after raceway property incorporated city of moreno valley in 1984. in 2003, plans announced build 3-mile (4.8 km) road course near merced, california, based on design of riverside layout. new track have been known riverside motorsports park.

riverside has had 3 minor league baseball teams: 1 in 1941 known riverside reds, , 2 class-a california league – riverside red wave 1988 1990, , riverside pilots (a seattle mariners class-a minor league affiliate) 1993 1995. teams played @ uc-riverside sports center known blaine sports complex. red wave moved adelanto in 1990 become high desert mavericks , pilots moved lancaster in 1995 become lancaster jethawks. pilot s move occurred after long-standing dispute between pilots, california league, , city build new facility replace blaine sports complex. today, semi-pro collegiate team, inland empire rockets, plays home games in riverside , moreno valley.

in 1940s before start of world war ii, riverside reds whom played cross-region rival san bernardino bucs when 2 major league teams – cincinnati reds , pittsburgh pirates held spring training in area, followed california winter league , in 1950s, site chicago white sox , philadelphia phillies st. louis browns (baltimore orioles).

riverside hometown of bobby bonds , son barry bonds, , dusty baker, manager of san francisco giants , chicago cubs. although donora, pennsylvania, ken griffey , son ken griffey jr. have residences in riverside.

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