Use in biological control Trichopoda pennipes

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egg on nezara viridula head.


one of principal host species trichopoda pennipes southern green stinkbug, nezara viridula. crop pest originated in ethiopia has worldwide distribution , named foul-smelling defensive secretion exudes gland on thorax. exudate appears effective in preventing predation birds tolerated t. pennipes seems highly attracted aggregation pheromone produced male bugs. results in higher proportion of males being parasitised females.


there seems different biotypes across united states, preying on different hosts in different regions. in northern california, population of fly parasitised bordered plant bug, largus succinctus, did not attack squash bug, anasa tristis. in experiment, t. pennipes collected squash fields in new york state , released near squash fields in california. insects targeted squash bugs , established permanent populations. eggs found deposited on 50% of squash bugs in area unclear how effective in controlling crop pests. on southern green stink bug, rate of parasitism can high 93% , 80% on squash bug. however, t. pennipes not prevent crop damage bugs continue feed , reproduce after being parasitised, though reproductive organs begin atrophy when parasitoid reaches second instar stage. control of pest more effective when nymphs parasitised since half of these die before becoming adults , overwinter die before laying eggs.








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