Causes Enuresis

1 causes

1.1 nocturnal enuresis

1.1.1 slower physical development
1.1.2 excessive output of urine during sleep
1.1.3 anxiety
1.1.4 genetics
1.1.5 obstructive sleep apnea
1.1.6 structural problems


1.2 diurnal enuresis

1.2.1 overactive bladder
1.2.2 infrequent voiding
1.2.3 other causes

causes
nocturnal enuresis

after age 5, wetting @ night—often called bedwetting or sleepwetting—is more common daytime wetting in boys. experts not know causes nighttime incontinence. young people experience nighttime wetting tend physically , emotionally normal. cases result mix of factors including slower physical development, overproduction of urine @ night, lack of ability recognize bladder filling when asleep, and, in cases, anxiety. many, there strong family history of bedwetting, suggesting inherited factor.

slower physical development

between ages of 5 , 10, incontinence may result of small bladder capacity, long sleeping periods, , underdevelopment of body s alarms in brain signal full or emptying bladder. form of incontinence fade away bladder grows , natural alarms become operational.

excessive output of urine during sleep

normally, body produces hormone can slow making of urine. hormone called antidiuretic hormone, or adh. body produces more adh during sleep need urinate lower. if body not produce enough adh @ night, making of urine may not slowed down, leading bladder overfilling. if child not sense bladder filling , awaken urinate, wetting occur.

anxiety

experts suggest anxiety-causing events occurring in lives of children ages 2 4 might lead incontinence before child achieves total bladder control. anxiety experienced after age 4 might lead wetting after child has been dry period of 6 months or more. such events include angry parents, unfamiliar social situations, , overwhelming family events such birth of brother or sister.

incontinence anxiety-causing event. strong bladder contractions leading leakage in daytime can cause embarrassment , anxiety lead wetting @ night.

genetics

certain inherited genes appear contribute incontinence. in 1995, danish researchers announced had found site on human chromosome 13 responsible, @ least in part, nighttime wetting. if both parents enuretic, 77% of children too; if 1 parent enuretic, 44% of offspring also. experts believe other, undetermined genes may involved in incontinence.

obstructive sleep apnea

nighttime incontinence may 1 sign of condition called obstructive sleep apnea, in child s breathing interrupted during sleep, because of inflamed or enlarged tonsils or adenoids. other symptoms of condition include snoring, mouth breathing, frequent ear , sinus infections, sore throat, choking, , daytime drowsiness. in cases, successful treatment of breathing disorder may resolve associated nighttime incontinence.

structural problems

finally, small number of cases of incontinence caused physical problems in urinary system in children. condition known urinary reflux or vesicoureteral reflux, in urine backs 1 or both ureters, can cause urinary tract infections , incontinence. rarely, blocked bladder or urethra may cause bladder overfill , leak. nerve damage associated birth defect spina bifida can cause incontinence. ectopic ureter, misplacement of ureter outside bladder, can commonly cause incontinence. in these cases, incontinence can appear constant dribbling of urine.

diurnal enuresis

daytime incontinence not associated urinary infection or anatomic abnormalities less common nighttime incontinence , tends disappear earlier nighttime versions. 1 possible cause of daytime incontinence overactive bladder. many children daytime incontinence have abnormal voiding habits, common being infrequent voiding. form of incontinence occurs more in girls in boys.

an overactive bladder

muscles surrounding urethra (the tube takes urine away bladder) have job of keeping passage closed, preventing urine passing out of body. if bladder contracts , without warning, muscles surrounding urethra may not able keep urine passing. happens consequence of urinary tract infection , more common in girls.

infrequent voiding


infrequent voiding

infrequent voiding refers child s voluntarily holding of urine prolonged intervals. example, child may not want use toilets @ school or may not want interrupt enjoyable activities, or ignores body s signal of full bladder. in these cases, bladder can overfill , leak urine. additionally, these children develop urinary tract infections (utis), leading irritable or overactive bladder.

other causes

some of same factors contribute nighttime incontinence may act infrequent voiding produce daytime incontinence. these factors include small bladder capacity, constipation , food containing caffeine, chocolate or artificial coloring.

sometimes overly strenuous toilet training may make child unable relax sphincter , pelvic floor empty bladder. retaining urine (incomplete emptying) sets stage urinary tract infections.