Memory management DOS

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dos designed intel 8086/8088 processor , therefore directly access maximum of 1 mb of ram. due pc architecture maximum of 640 kb (known conventional memory) available upper 384 kb reserved.


specifications developed allow access additional memory. first expanded memory specification (ems) allowed memory on add-on card accessed via 64 kb page frame in reserved upper memory area. 80386 , later systems use virtual 8086 mode (v86) mode memory manager emm386 create expanded memory extended memory without need of add-on card. second specification extended memory specification (xms) 80286 , later systems. provided way copy data , extended memory, access 65520-byte high memory area (hma) directly above first megabyte of memory , upper memory block (umb) area. xms support provided himem.sys or v86 mode memory manager qemm or 386max supported ems.


starting dos 5, dos directly take advantage of hma loading kernel code , disk buffers there via dos=high statement in config.sys. dos 5+ allowed use of available umbs via dos=umb statement in config.sys.







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