Building and dedication List of Confederate monuments and memorials

chart of public symbols of confederacy , leaders surveyed southern poverty law center (splc), year of establishment. of these put either during jim crow era or during civil rights movement, times of increased racial tension.

monuments , memorials began dedicated during civil war, several more being planned shortly after war. many more monuments dedicated in years after 1890, when congress established first national military park @ chickamauga , chattanooga, , turn of twentieth century, 5 battlefields civil war had been preserved: chickamauga-chattanooga, antietam, gettysburg, shiloh, , vicksburg. @ vicksburg national military park, more 95 percent of park s monuments erected in first eighteen years after park established in 1899. many memorials dedicated in 20th century, decades after civil war, , have been built in 21st century, 150 years after war. memorials have been dedicated on public spaces (including on courthouse grounds) either @ public expense or funded private organizations , donors. numerous private memorials dedicated. art historians cynthia mills , pamela simpson argued in monuments lost cause majority of confederate monuments, of type define, commissioned white women, in hope of preserving positive vision of antebellum life.

confederate monument-building has been part of widespread campaigns promote , justify jim crow laws in south, , assert white supremacy. according american historical association (aha), erection of confederate monuments during twentieth century part , parcel of initiation of legally mandated segregation , widespread disenfranchisement across south. according aha, memorials confederacy erected during period intended, in part, obscure terrorism required overthrow reconstruction, , intimidate african americans politically , isolate them mainstream of public life. later wave of monument building coincided civil rights movement, , according aha these symbols of white supremacy still being invoked similar purposes.

according historian jane dailey university of chicago, in many cases, purpose of monuments not celebrate past rather promote white supremacist future . historian, karen cox, university of north carolina @ charlotte, has written monuments legacy of brutally racist jim crow era . historian unc, james leloudis, stated funders , backers of these monuments explicit requiring political education , legitimacy jim crow era , right of white men rule. erected without consent or input of southern african-americans, remembered civil war far differently, , had no interest in honoring fought keep them enslaved. according civil war historian judith giesberg, professor of history @ villanova university, white supremacy these statues represent. monuments meant beautify cities part of city beautiful movement, although secondary.

many confederate monuments dedicated in former confederate states , border states in decades following civil war, in many instances ladies memorial associations, united daughters of confederacy (udc), united confederate veterans (ucv), sons of confederate veterans (scv), heritage preservation association, , other memorial organizations. other confederate monuments located on civil war battlefields. many confederate monuments listed on national register of historic places, either separately or contributing objects within listings of courthouses or historic districts.

in late nineteenth century, technology innovations in granite , bronze industries helped reduce costs , made monuments more affordable small towns. companies looking capitalize on opportunity sold identical copies of monuments both north , south. wave of monument construction coincided african-american civil rights movement (1954–1968) , american civil war centennial. thirty-two confederate monuments dedicated between 2000 , 2017, not new monuments, several re-dedications mark 100-year anniversary of construction.

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