Background Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (Hisma)

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purported letter sent muhammad heraclius, emperor of byzantium; reproduction taken majid ali khan, muhammad final messengerislamic book service, new delhi (1998).



letter of prophet muhammed munzir ibn sawa al tamimi (reproduction of manuscript copy of letter taken sultan ahmed qureshi, letters of holy prophet, karachi (1983).


after signing hudaibiya treaty quraysh in mecca, muhammad sent several envoys in few neighboring countries, inviting them islam. following sent:



amr bin umayyah al-damri king of ethiopia (then abyssinia) called aṣḥama ibn abjar.
dihyah bin khalifa kalbi byzantine king heraclius
hatib bin abi baltaeh king of egypt called muqawqis
allabn al-hazermi munzer bin sawa king of bahrain called munzir ibn sawa al tamimi
amr ibn al-as king of oman called abd al-jalandi
salit bin amri king of yamama called hawza bin ali
shiya bin wahab haris bin ghasanni king of damascus called harith bin abi shamir al-ghassani
abdullah ibn hudhafah as-sahmi emperor or iran (then persia) called khosrau ii.

one envoy attacked bandits

he sent dhiyah bin khalifah al-kalbi king of basra, in turn send caesar (heraclius).


in epistle heraclius, byzantine emperor, muhammad wrote:



in name of allâh, beneficent, merciful.


from muhammad, slave of allâh , messenger hercules, king of byzantines.


blessed follow true guidance. invite embrace islam may live in security. if come within fold of islam, allâh give double reward, in case turn upon it, burden of sins of people shall fall on shoulders.


to proceed: submit yourself, , shall safe. submit yourself, , god shall give reward twice over. but, if turn away, sin of husbandmen shall upon you.”

when, after finishing trip, dhiya returning medina ; group of bandit belonging banu judham looted him of had, when reached hisma, place on way syria , west of tabuk.









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