William Ensign Lincoln .26 Milton Bradley.27s Zoetrope .281865.E2.80.931867.29 Zoetrope

w.e. lincoln s u.s. patent no. 64,117 of apr. 23, 1867

william ensign lincoln invented definitive zoetrope in 1865 when circa 18 years old , sophomore @ brown university, providence, rhode island. lincoln s patented version had viewing slits on level above pictures, allowed use of replaceable strips of images. had illustrated paper disc on base, not exploited on commercially produced versions. on advice of local bookstore owner, lincoln sent model color lithographers , board game manufacturers milton bradley , co. shop owners advertised zoetrope in american newspapers in december 1866. instrument first patented in u.k. on 6 march 1867 under no. 629 henry watson hallett (as communication him milton bradley). in united states patented zoëtrope on april 23, 1867 william e. lincoln – assignor milton bradley. on years milton bradley released @ least 7 numbered series twelve zoetrope strips each, set of twelve strips professor robert hallowell richards showing gradual transformations 1 isometric form another, , 1 separately available strip showing progress of grecian bend (a woman morphing camel). london stereoscopic & photographic company licensed british publisher , repeated of milton bradley animations, while adding set of twelve animations famous british illustrator george cruikshank in 1870.